2020年考研英語一真題及答案解析(完整版)。2020全國碩士研究生統一招生考試英語(一)完形填空/閱讀理解/翻譯/作文真題及答案。2020年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語（一）真題試題答案解析。

2020年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語(一)試題

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)

Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are

available on our smart phones. I of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But

phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize, 3 you get lost without

a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate_5 to

civilization, one of which is to follow the land.

When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to

answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest

water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water._9 ,if

you head downhill, and follow any h20 you find, you should 10 see signs of people

If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11

how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.

Another 12 Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 even in dense

fores, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other

paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At might

can the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow

of light pollution.

18 , assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we

leave on the landscape. trail blazes tire tracks. and other features can 20 you to civilization.

1. [A]Some [B]Most [C] Few [D] All

2. [A]put [B]take [C] run [D] come

3. [A]Since [B]If [C]Though [D] until

4. [A]Formally [B]relatively [C] gradually [D] literally

5. [A] back [B]next [C] around [D] away

6. [A] onto [B]off [C]across [D] alone

7. [A] unattractive [B]uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar

8.[A] site [B]point [C]way [D] place

9. [A] So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D] Besides

lO. [A] immediately [B] intentionally [C] unexpectedly [D]eventually

11. [A] surprised [B] annoyed [C] frightened [D]confused

12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D] result

13. [A] Above all [B] In contrast [C]On average [D] For example

14. [A]bridge [B] avoid [C]spot [D] separate

15. [A]form [B]through [C] beyond [D] Under

16. [A] posts [B]links [C] shades [D]breaks

17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C]hidden [D]limited

18. [A] Finally [B]Consequently [C]Incidentally [D] Generally

19. [A] memories [B]marks [C]notes [D]belongings

20. [A]restrict [B]adopt [C] lead [D] expose

2020年考研英語(一)真題及答案解析：

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)

Text 1

Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.

Starting next year. any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this " clawback" rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in financial institution, Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies.

says the Bank of England's top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classical

economics, Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like" Children who

pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain. he notes has

dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. transient investors, who demand

high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term research

or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed "quarterly capitalism”.

In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker use

of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. " There seems to be a

predominance of short- term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner

Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer

performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce"short-termism. " In its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds that"a substantial part"of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism, such as changes in the tax code

and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company

investment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.

Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to

think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders, Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.

21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the

A. enhance bankers' sense of responsibility

B help corporations achieve larger profits

C. build a new system of financial regulation

D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives

22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate

A. the conditions for generating quick profits

B. governments impatience in decision-making

C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies

D. "short-termism" in economic activities

23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be

A. indited B. adverse C. minimal D temporary

24. The US and France examples and used to illustrate

A. the obstacles to preventing "short-termism.

B. the significance or long term thinking.

C. the approaches to promoting long-termism.

D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text

A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers